The etched foil heaters CEFx can be used in various applications for heating surfaces and fluids in technologically advanced fields, such as aeronautics or the space industry, and in the most common fields such as the catering industry, for bain marie applications and for hot plates. The manufacturing technology is that of printed circuit boards: they are made up of a resistive circuit, made of nickel/chrome alloys, sandwiched between two layers of insulation material.